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Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, plays a crucial role in keeping the body functioning smoothly. It helps produce red blood cells, supports the health of the nervous system, and assists in the formation of DNA—the blueprint of every cell in your body. When B12 levels drop too low, a wide range of health problems can develop, some of which may become serious if left untreated.
Recognizing the early signs of B12 deficiency is extremely important, as many symptoms often appear gradually and can be mistaken for everyday fatigue or stress. Below, we’ll explore the most common symptoms, the underlying causes of deficiency, and the best food sources to maintain healthy levels.
9 Common Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
A shortage of B12 can show up in different ways. Here are nine symptoms frequently associated with low B12:
1. Anemia
One of the most typical consequences of deficiency is megaloblastic anemia, a condition where red blood cells become abnormally large and inefficient at carrying oxygen. This often leads to persistent tiredness and shortness of breath.
2. Fatigue and Weakness
Because red blood cells are unable to transport oxygen effectively, many people with low B12 feel constantly drained or physically weak, even after resting.
3. Headaches and Reduced Concentration
Low B12 can impact brain function, causing frequent headaches, “brain fog,” and trouble staying focused.
4. Vision Disturbances
A severe deficiency may affect the optic nerve, leading to blurry vision or visual distortions.
5. Depression and Mood Changes
B12 plays a role in producing neurotransmitters that regulate mood. Low levels may contribute to sadness, irritability, or other emotional changes.
6. Numbness or Tingling in Hands and Feet
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